Cboxylesterase (CES) 是属于具有 α/β 水解酶折叠的蛋白质超家族的丝氨酸水解酶。Cboxylesterase 广泛分布于肝脏、肠、肺和肾脏等许多组织中。Cboxylesterase 催化大量结构多样的含酯或酰胺底物的酯裂解为相应的醇和羧酸。实际上，Cboxylesterase 可以水解多种内生和外生化合物中的酯、硫酯、酰胺和氨基甲酸酯键，从而在内生代谢以及外生化合物的激活和/或解毒中发挥关键作用。在人类中，已鉴定出三种 Cboxylesterase，即人类羧酸酯酶 1 (CES1)、CES2 和 CES3。其中，CES1 和 CES2 是两种参与外生化合物代谢的广泛研究的同工酶。Cboxylesterase 在各种外生化合物（包括酯类药物和环境毒物）的代谢中起重要作用，也参与脂质稳态[1]。

Cboxylesterases (CES) are serine hydrolases belonging to the superfamily of proteins with α/β hydrolase fold. Cboxylesterases are widely distributed in many tissues including liver, intestine, lung and kidney. Cboxylesterases catalyze the ester cleavage of a large number of structurally diverse ester- or amide-containing substrates into the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid. Actually, Cboxylesterases can hydrolyze ester, thioester, amide, and carbamate linkages in a wide variety of endo- and xenobiotic compounds, thus playing key roles in both endobiotic metabolism, and in activation and/or detoxification of xenobiotics. In humans, three Cboxylesterases have been identified, namely human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), CES2, and CES3. Among them, CES1 and CES2 are two widely studied isoenzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Cboxylesterases play an important role in the metabolism of various xenobiotics including ester drugs and environmental toxicants, and also participate in lipid homeostasis[1].